历史成语故事
精选历史成语故事大全
导语：成语故事是我国历史的一部分，成语是历史的积淀，每一个成语的背后都有一个含义深远的故事，是我国几千年以来人民智慧的结晶。以下是小编整理历史成语故事大全的资料，欢迎阅读参考。
历史成语故事精选【1】势如破竹
三国末年，晋武帝司马炎灭掉蜀国，夺取魏国政权以后，准备出兵攻打东吴，实现统一全中国的愿望。他召集文武大臣们商量统一大计。多数人认为，吴国还有一定实力，一举消灭它恐怕不易，不如有了足够的准备再说。
大将杜预不同意多数人的"看法，写了一道奏章给晋武帝。杜预认为，必须趁目前吴国衰弱立即灭掉它，不然等它有了实力就很难打败它了。司马炎看了杜预的奏章，找自己最信任的大臣张华征求意见。张华很同意杜预的分析，也劝司马炎快快攻打吴国，以免留下后患。于是司马炎就下了决心，任命杜预为征南大将军。
公元279年，晋武帝司马炎调动了二十多万兵马，分兵六路水陆并进，攻打吴国，一路战鼓齐鸣，战旗飘扬，战士威武雄壮。第二年就攻占了江陵，斩了吴国一员大将，率领军队乘胜追击。司马炎下令让杜预从小路向吴国国都建业进发。此时，有人担心长江水势暴涨，不如暂收兵等到冬天进攻更有利。杜预坚决反对退兵，他说：“现在士气高涨，取得一个又一个胜利，势如破竹(像用快刀劈竹子一样，劈过几节后竹子就迎刃破裂)，一举攻击吴国不会再费多大力气了!”晋朝大军在杜预率领下，直冲吴都建业，不久就攻占建业灭了吴国。晋武帝统一了全国。
成语”势如破竹”，形容战斗节节胜利，毫无阻挡。
历史成语故事精选【2】画饼充饥
三国时期，有一个正直的文人叫卢毓(yù)，在魏国做大官。
一次宫中选拔人才，官员们推荐了许多有名的人，魏国的皇帝说：“让卢毓来选人，我不要这些只有名声而没有真才实学的人。名声就像画在墙上的饼，不可以拿来吃。”
卢毓建议皇帝选拔和考试相结合。从此，皇帝根据个人的实际能力来任命官员。卢毓的方法得到了大家的称赞。
成语“画饼充饥”就来自于皇帝所说的话。一开始，它指有名声而没本领的人。后来，人们用它来比喻以不切实际的空想来满足自己的人。
历史成语故事精选【3】路人皆知
三国的魏国，是一代英杰曹操建立的，在三国中是最强大的。到魏主曹芳当政时，司马氏实际上已经操纵了大权。司马师带剑入殿，一切政事都由他决断，根本不把曹芳放在眼里。曹芳气愤不过，下密诏诛杀司马氏。谁知，事不机密，反而被司马师废了他的王位。司马师因篡(cuàn)位不到时机，只好另立曹髦(máo)为新王。
这位曹髦是魏文帝的孙子，原先被封高贵乡公的爵位，如今做了皇帝，倒想有一番作为。那知，司马氏控制了整个朝政。司马师死后，司马昭自封天下兵马大都督，处处挟制高贵乡公，篡权的野心日益显露，以至天下无人不知。“司马昭之心路人皆知”的成语，就出自此处。眼见司马昭的专横，曹髦是恨在心里，但又怕司马昭的权势，只好作《潜龙诗》一首，以泄不满。诗曰：
伤哉龙受困，不能跃深渊。上不飞天汉，下不见于田。
播居于井底，鳅鳝舞其前。藏牙伏爪甲，嗟我亦如然。
一位名叫贾充的官吏知道后，马上向司马昭告发了此事。
司马昭一听，诗中将他比喻成鱼鳅黄鳝，恼怒万分，立刻身带宝剑随从，直入宫殿。当着百官大臣，厉声责骂曹髦，公然威胁说：“你曹髦是不是想作第二个曹芳!”
曹髦回到后宫，痛哭一天，终于下定决心要铲除司马昭。他召来王经、王沈、王业三位大臣合谋。王经劝告他，以鲁昭公讨伐季孙氏不成反被流亡的史事为鉴。可是，曹髦表示，宁死也不能让司马昭猖獗了。
于是，曹髦召集兵士三百人，要去诛杀司马昭，王经死谏也不听，而王沈、王业则投靠司马昭，当了叛徒。还不用司马昭动手，曹髦就被司马昭的手下杀死，王经与三百兵士也惨遭杀害。
成语“路人皆知”前面常常加上“司马昭之心”五个字，指野心非常明显，人所共知。
历史成语故事精选【4】穷兵黩(dú)武
东吴名将陆逊之后陆抗，有勇有谋，很年轻就被任命为建武校尉。
东吴后期朝败，且国君孙皓荒淫暴虐，滥杀无辜。陆抗对此非常不满，便多次上疏劝谏。但是，孙皓对这些建议置之不理。尽管东吴内政混乱不堪，但由于陆抗谋略过人，善于用兵，因此一直虎视东吴，而欲南下一统中国的晋，也无可奈何。
当时，晋朝的车骑将军羊祜(kù)镇守襄阳。他见陆抗能攻善守，知道要立即打败东吴并不容易，于是改变对东吴策略，采取了和的战略。陆抗也明白羊祜用意，于是也用同样的态度对待晋方。在边境，两人还常派使者往来，以示友好。因此当时吴、晋一部分边境竟出现了和平局面。
孙皓听说了边境的情况，十分不悦，派人责问陆抗。陆抗回话说：“我如果不采取这样的政策，反而会助长羊祜的威德。”孙皓听后，也就没再说什么。但他还是想出兵攻晋统一中国。于是频频调兵。陆抗知道后，便又向孙皓上疏说：“现在，朝廷应该加紧农业生产，储备粮食，增强国力。让有才能的人发挥作用，使各级官员不荒怠(dài)职守，严明赏罚以励百官，审慎实施刑罚以戒黎民。如果图虚名重形式，处处用兵，好战不止，耗费的资财动以万计，士兵疲劳不堪，即使敌寇没有削弱，我们自己也会因此受累而被拖垮。”
但是，孙皓对陆抗的忠告仍是置若罔(wǎng)闻，以致于国力日渐衰退。而陆抗死后，晋军便挥师南下讨伐东吴，吴国最终为晋所灭。
成语“穷兵黩武”，现在的意思是使用全部武力，任意发动战争。
延伸阅读（英语版）：
Historical expression stories select [1]
On a roll
In the last years of The Three Kingdoms, sima yan of the jin dynasty destroyed the kingdom of shu, and after seizing the state of wei, he prepared to invade the eastern wu and realize the desire to unify the whole China. He summoned the ministers of civil war to discuss the unification plan. Most people believe that wu has some power, and it is not easy to destroy it.
Du yu didn't agree with most people and wrote a memorial to the jin emperor. Du previewed that the current state of wu must be destroyed immediately, or it would be difficult to beat it if it had the strength to do so. Sima yan watched du preset's play, and asked zhang hua, his most trusted minister, for advice. Zhang hua agreed with du's analysis and urged sima yan to attack the state of wu in a hurry so as not to leave behind him. So sima yan made up his mind, and appointed du to the general.
In 279 AD, sima yan, the emperor of the jin dynasty, mobilized more than two hundred thousand soldiers and horses. He divided the six roads and the land, attacked the state of wu, and sang all the way, the flag fluttered and the soldiers were strong and strong. The next year, he captured jiangling, and he took over the state of wu, leading the army to win the pursuit. Sima yan ordered du to make his way to the state of wu. At this time, some people worry that the Yangtze river water potential is surging, so it is better to wait for the winter attack. Du yu resolutely opposed the idea, he said: "now, enthusiastic, one after another victory, sweeping (as with a sharp knife splitting a bamboo, splitting into just a few after blade fracture), every attack wu won't, how much effort again!" The jin army, led by du yu, made a straight run for wu and soon conquered the state of wu. Emperor wudi unified the whole country.
The idiom "is like a bamboo stick".
A selection of historical idioms and stories [2]
Without letup
During The Three Kingdoms period, there was an honest man named lu yu (yu), who was a chief official in the state of wei.
One time in the palace, officials recommended many famous people, and the emperor of wei said, "let lu yu come for the selection. I don't want these people who have only fame and no real talent. Fame is like a cake painted on the wall; it cannot be eaten."
Lu yu suggested that the emperor should be selected and tested. From then on, the emperor appointed officials according to his practical ability. Lu yu's method was praised by everyone.
The idiom came from what the emperor said. At first, it means someone who has a reputation for not being able to do it. Later, people use it to describe people who satisfy themselves with unrealistic fantasies.
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