图表作文分类讲解

ThistableshowsthatJapanandCanadahadannualincomesof$15,760and$11,100perpersonrespectively.Thesefigureswereoverwhelminglygreaterthanthecorrespondingfigureof$160inPeru.Lifeexpectancyatbirthwashigheramongtheeconomicallydevelopedcountries.Japanreportedthehighestlifeexpectancy,whilePeruthelowest.Literacyratesamongadultswerealsohigherinwealthiercountries.JapanandCanadabothreportedliteracyrateof99%eachwhilePeruclaimed68%.

Thedataappearstoconfirmthelinkbetweennationalwealthandhealthandeducationstandards.

例2:NumberoffulltimeteachersofregularschoolsinmillionsinChina1960 1990

Thegraphshowsthenumberoffull timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinabetween1960and1990.Accordingtothefigure,therewasadecreaseinthenumberofteachersfrom1960to1962,whichwasfollowedbyarapidincreaseoverthenextthreeyears.Thenumberdroppedagainfrom1965to1966andthenwentupgraduallyuntil1976whentherewasalevelingoffforthenexttenyears.Theyearsfrom1986to1990sawasteadyriseinthenumberofteachers.Althoughtherewerefluctuationsinthenumberofteachersfrom1960to1990,thetrendwastowardsanincrease.

例3:ParticipationinHigherEducationinAustraliain1989

Thebarchartdescribestheparticipationinhighereducationbymalesandfemalesinurban,ruralandremoteareasinAustraliain1989.Itcanbeseenfromthechartthatsignificantlyfewerstudentsinhighereducationcamefromruralareasthanfromurbanareas,withanevensmallernumbercomingfromremoteareas.Inalllocations,femalestudentsoutnumberedmalestudentsinhighereducationinAustraliain1989.

例4:AverageweeklyexpenditureperfamilyinBritainin1977

Foodanddrink26%

Housingandpower19%

Transportandcommunication14%

Recreationandeducation9%

Clothing8%

Otheritems24%

ThispiechartrepresentstheaverageweeklyfamilyexpensesinBritainin1977.26%wasspentonfoodanddrink,19%onhousingandpower,14%ontransportandcommunications,9%onrecreationandeducationand8%onclothing.Theremaining24%wasusedtomeetallotherexpenditures.

图1347,500Australiansagedbetween25and34holdadegree.Theirmainfieldsofstudywere%

1:Administration19.08%

2:SocialSciences,Arts19.48%

3:Others2.24%

4:Law5.53%

5:Medicine7.4%

6:Architecture1.84%

7:Engineering9.35%

8:Veterinary2.10%

9:Science,Maths,Computers18.19%

10:Education14.76%

图2104，80055 59year oldsholdadegree.Theirmainfieldsofstudywere%

1:Administration14.98%

2:SocialSciences,Arts20.42%

3:Others2.48%

4:Law3.34%

5:Medicine11.35%

6:Architecture2.96%

7:Engineering19.27%

8:Veterinary2.0%

9:Science,Maths,Computers10.11%

10:Education13.17%

ThesetwopiechartsshowthedifferencesbetweentwogroupsofAustralians25to34and55to69yearsoldintermsoftheirpost schoolqualifications.

Thefirstpointtonoteisthehugeincreaseinthenumberofpeoplewithqualifications.Theyoungergroupismorethanthreetimesbiggerthantheoldergroup347,500comparedto104,800.

Comparingthetwogroups,architectureandmedicinehaveexperiencedadecreaseinpopularitywithyoungergraduates;medicinedeclinedbyalmost4%.However,thebiggestlosswastoengineering,whichdecreasedfrom19.27%to9.35%ofthewhole.

Somesubjectsweremorepopularwiththeyoungeragegroup.ThebiggestgainsingraduatenumbersweremadebyScience,MathsandComputerswhich,asagroup,haveincreasedbyover8%,Administrationhasgainedby4.1%.

Tosumup,thegraphsshowathree foldincreaseinthenumberofgraduates.Themoststrikingchangeinsubjectpercentagesisthedecreaseinthenumberofengineeringgraduates.

因此，从以上事例中可以看出来分析图表在写作中的重要性，规律的寻找，对比的描写对于反映图表的状态和变化起到了至关重要的作用。特此，以下两点需要注意：

1:图表作文比较客观，要使用明确的时态和语态，一般都采用过去时；表示未来的一个过程或者程序，一般用被动语态或者将来是表达。

2：图表作文末尾段一般不需要单独的评论，“描述”不是“评论”，发表个人见解是不合适的，因此不能出现第一人称，也不要出现therefore,thus或者hence等引人联想的词语。

下面我们就图表作文如何开头做一讲解，即“二词一语”（名词+动词+介词短语），也就是图表作文写作必不可少的“三要素”

1图表作文开头常用句式与动词（重要，经典）

Thetable/chartshows/describes/unfoldsthat……….

Thegraph/figures/statisticsshow/reveal/identify/illustrate/

reflect/indicate/displaythat……..

Accordingtothetable/chart…………………

Asisshowninthediagram………………….

Ascanbeseenfromthegraph/figures……………..

Itcanbeseenfromthetable/chart…………….

Wecanseefromthe…………………………..

Itisclear/apparent/evidentfromthediagram/graph/figuresthat…………

1表达数据或者统计数字方式的句子：

Ahasalmost/nearlya/onequarterofthetotalnumberofB

Ahasapproximately/abouta/onethirdofthetotalnumberofB

Ahasjustover/overa/onehalfofthetotalnumberofB

AhasoverthreequartersofthetotalnumberofB

Ahasalmost/nearly/approximately/

About/just/overaquarter/half/threequarters/twice/threetimesasmany……/asmuchasB.

Ahasexactly/precisely/about/approximatelythesamenumber/proportion/amountof…….asB

（3）表示增加，减少和波动可使用下面的两种结构：