2019英语专四写作句子多样化
一篇好文章的条件很多。除了内容丰富和组织紧密之外,词汇的运用和句子的处理,也起着决定性作用。句子可长可短,同一件事,可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句,文章必定很单调乏 味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句,读起来也很费力。
最好的方法是以简单句为基础,配合适当的并列 句和复杂句。简单句可长可短,通常要加些附属成分,如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词 短语,以及节缩成分。总之,可根据情况,使句子多样化,使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样,但 是句式不同,内容重点也有些差别:
1 The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. 并列分句1+2
2 Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. 现在分语短语+简单句
3 In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. 副词短语+并列分句1 2
4 There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. 简单句+形容语短语
5 As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. 原因副词从句+主句
6 The young pilot was on his first overseas training.
7 He felt very uneasy.
a The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.
b The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training.
c The young pilot’’’’’’’’s first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.
d Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training.
e The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.
f It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
g Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
h The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy.
i The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy.
j When the young pilot was on his/first overseas trainging, he felt very uneasy.
k As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.
l The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy.
在上述12个句子中,a g是简单句;h是并列句;i l是复杂句。简单句除b和g之外, 其他五样,用的人并不多。人们最喜欢采用复杂句,尤其是j和k这两款;接着便是并列句h。如果 大多数人的句子只限于b,g, h, j和k这五种,而其他的则弃如敝屣,不是很可惜吗?
增强英语语句表现力的有效方法
一、避免使用语意弱的 be 动词。
1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如:
Weak: The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab.
Revision:The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. 转换为前置定语
Or: The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green. 转换为并列结构作后置定 语
2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如:
1 Weak: The team members are good players.
Revision: The team members play well.
2 Weak: One worker’s plan is the elimination of tardiness.
Revision: One worker’s plan eliminates tardiness.
3、在以 here 或 there 开头的句子中,把 be 动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例 如:
1 Weak: There is no opportunity for promotion.
Revision: No opportunity for promotion exists.
2 Weak: Here are the books you ordered.
Revision: The books you ordered have arrived.
二、多用语意具体的动词,保持句意简洁明了。例如:
1、Poor: My supervisor went past my desk.
Better: My supervisor sauntered =walked slowly past my desk.
2、Poor: She is a careful shopper.
Better: She compares prices and quality.
三、尽量运用主动语态。例如:
1、Weak: The organization has been supported by charity.
Better: Charity has supported the organization.
2、Weak: The biscuits were stacked on a plate.
Better: Mother stacked the biscuits on a plate.
四、防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语。例如:
1、Wordy: My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk.
Improved: My little sister prefers chocolate milk.
2、Wordy: We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendations.
Improved: We have received your letter and intended to follow your recommendation.
3、Redundant: We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
Improved: We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
4、Redundant: My sister and I bought the same, identical dress in different stores.
Improved: My sister and I bought the same dress in different stores.
五、杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。例如:
1、Weak: They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form.
Improved: They will not agree to any of his proposals.
2、Weak: I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall.
Improved: I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall.
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