备考雅思写作过程中 如何充分利用考官范文

（图片来自网络

在雅思写作的学习过程中，考官范文基本上都是被用到的，尤其自学的同学可能对范文的依赖程度比较高。但是你能用对范文吗？

范文的选择

并不是所有同学都适合去模仿范文的，主要是基础比较弱的、不能顺利写出一句带从句的英文句子的同学。这样的同学应该去巩固语法，做些造句、句子翻译的练习。对于写句子基本没问题，但对自己的句子质量不满意的、对文章内容的合理安排头绪不清的、不了解如何把文章写得充实有说服力的，适合去学考官范文。

范文的选择标准是你至少能看懂百分之八九十的内容，主要障碍可能是词汇。如果只有不到70%的内容看得懂，你的蛮多精力将要花在去理解文章了，变成以阅读理解为主了。那有些备考雅思的同学可能会说，那我可能只有5分的水平，我去看6分的范文可以吗？在没有老师引导的情况下，建议不要。6分甚至7分的文章都还是有瑕疵的，例如语言和逻辑上的，你怎么去辨别你学到的不是缺点呢？

任何范文的选取都要达到语言正确、逻辑通顺的程度，唯一的区别就是学霸可以看句型复杂词汇量大的文章，程度弱的同学看一些词汇量小一点可能短句多一点的文章。

拿到范文后第一步要做什么？

任何学习都要有active involvement才会有效，被动的接受信息起到的作用是非常有限的。简而言之，要尽最大可能去动脑筋、去思考。所以，先看题目（不要直接读文章），自己去思考你会如何去写这篇文章，思考的内容包括具体的idea和整体的文章布局（即你所想到的idea在文章中的位置）。这个步骤不受英文程度影响，完全可以用中文进行。这一步的目的是为了发现自己思维上的匮乏，以便更好地去辨析并吸收考官的思路。

现以剑桥真题5 Test2的题目为例

In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

题目关键词：work or travel（意味着既要提到work也要提到travel）；high school（高中毕业生有哪些特点？更具体的可以是中国的高三学生毕业后状态是怎样的？）；university studies（跟高中生活有区别吧）

写作方向：advantages and disadvantages（很简单，只需罗列优点和缺点，无需比较哪一方面更多）

如果是Cynthia老师写的话，可能思路如下：

优点：

1）高中生为了高考长期埋头苦读，压力极大，出去旅游可以认识世界、放松身心

2）上大学需要大笔费用，对一些贫困生来讲，出去工作一年可以很好地缓解家庭压力

3）无论是工作和旅游，都可以锻炼与不同人群交际的能力，大学生活也是需要来自不同背景的学生进行相处，这是有帮助的

缺点：

1）一年脱离学校环境后可能比直接上大学的同学更难适应课程

2）也有同学会觉得工作更实际，不想回去上大学

（当然在实际的雅思写作中，由于时间限制，我可能只写2个优点一个缺点）

第二步：阅读范文，理解透彻，罗列出考官的思路与自己的进行对比

It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.

The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life.

However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment. They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course. But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.

My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.

考官思路：

优点：1）增加知识面和社会经历

2）更加独立，对今后大学里的独立学习和研究有帮助

缺点： 1）有可能不想回学校学习（但是发生的可能性比较小）

（看了考官的文章，Cynthia老师发现优点2没想到，这时候就把优点2记住，纳入自己脑海中的素材库）

第三步：研究行文结构（逐句分析）

It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from highschool.（交代背景）The trendis not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.（对上一句的young people进行细化，分为rich students和pooer students，并对两类人的状态加以说明）

The reasons for this trendmay involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. （导入原因：高中生知识面窄、社会经验少）By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.（引入主题work or travel、即引出优点1） They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life.（优点2，包含因果关系，即“独立 –> 对以后学习和处理挑战有帮助”）

However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. （主题句：有缺点，however的使用与上一段呈转折关系）Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment. （具体的缺点）They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, orto do something completely different from a university course.（缺点的原因） But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.（加入作者的观点及理由）

My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. （作者的观点）That is the best wayfor them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. （支持观点的理由）Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.（以上理由带来的好处）

（通过最后两段，我们得知了作者的观点是支持利大于弊及原因）

当你分析完句与句之间的关系后，是不是对如何安排自己的idea及如何拓展有了一个基本的了解？（其实雅思阅读也是需要这么做的）

接下来可以划出所有的衔接手段（见文中所有的黑体），去研究“词性、用法”。

第四步：focus on language（语言积累过程）

词汇

1） 出现同义替换的地方

例如：Young people / rich students / poorer students / young adults /students

general knowledge and experience of the world / have a broader view of life / broaden their horizons

2） 话题词

例如：have a break, graduating from high school, become economically independent, passes directly from school to university

3) less common expressions（你平时想不到用的表达）

例如：be not restricted to, economically independent, be rather restricted in terms of

句型

1） 功能句（即适用性比较广的，如要表达原因的、影响的、观点的）

例如：It is quite common these days for sb to do （引出现象）

The reasons for this trend may involve sth （引出原因）

2） 精彩的句子（也许这需要老师的协助）

例如：

The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition thata young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world.

第五步：练习

对比翻译是最直接有效的方法（造句也可以，不过需要老师的协助）

1） 针对第四步的积累，先将英文翻译成中文，再将中文翻译成英文

2） 进阶1：可以进行段落或文章对比翻译

3） 进阶2：抛开语言的束缚，只根据考官的思路来重写一遍，再对比

4） 进阶3：写你自己的文章，请老师改

如果真能按照以上5步走，你的英文实力想不提升都难，就看你有没有决心。当然临近考试期的同学不适合，想速成的同学也不适合（其实根本没有速成的方法）。