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初中英语重点短语辨析at times / at all times / all the time

2020-12-07 10:15:01
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今天给大家继续总结初中重点短语用法。认真看完,你一定有所收获。

1

affair/matter/business

Ⅰ. affair “事、事情、事务”它的最广,可指已经发生或必须做的任何事情, 也可泛指事务(通常用算数,指重大或头绪较多的事务)。如:

① The railway accident was a terrible affair.那次火车事故是件可怕的事。

② That’s my affair, not yours. 那是我的事, 不是你的。

③ We should concern ourselves with state affairs. 我们要关心国家大事。

Ⅱ. matter“事、事情” 是普通用语,常指我们所写到或谈到的事情,要考虑和处理的事情。如:

① This is a matter I know little about. 这件事我不大知道。

② I’ll ask some one about the matter.关于这件事我将去问问人。

③ There are several matters to be considered. 有几件事情要考虑。

[注]:在口语中,be the matter 相当于be wrong, 表发生了失常的事或出了毛病等意思。如:

① What’s the matter? 怎么啦?

②What’s the matter with you? 你怎么啦?

Ⅲ. business“生意、商业”产普通用语。它表“事情、事务”时,往往指一种任务、责任或必须去做的事。此外,它有时还含有轻蔑的意味。如:

① We don’t do much business with them.我们跟他们没有多少生意来往。

② It is a teacher’s business to help his pupils.帮助学生是教师的责任。

③ He made it his business to fetch water for a granny. 他把为一位老大娘挑水当作自己的事。

④ It’s not your business.这不是你的事。

[注]:这三个词有时可通用,但不能任意替换。如:

Mind your own business.少管闲事。这里的business 可用affairs 替换,但不能用 matters.

2

afraid/ fear/ frightened

Ⅰ. afraid “害怕”是形容词,只能作表语,而不能作定语,后接of 短语或不定式,构成be afraid of sb. 和be afraid to do sth

① She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。

② The little girl is afraid to go out at night.

afraid +that clause “恐怕”,是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。如:

① I’m afraid (that) I can’t go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。我弟弟病了。

Ⅱ. fear “害怕”是动词,与be afraid 往往通用,但不如它常用(特别是在口语中)。如:

① We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。

② He feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。

③ Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉,我走去看他。

Ⅲ. frightened adj “受惊吓的、害怕的”可做表语,也可作定语。如:

① She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能动弹。

② A frightened girl is crying. 一个受惊的女孩正在哭。

3

feel like / would like

Ⅰ.feel like 与would like 意思很相近,但feel like 后面常跟名词;动名词。构成:feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名词;动词不定式。构成:would like (to do) sth.的句式。如:

① I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。

② Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步?

③ I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。

Ⅱ.feel like 还表示:“觉得好像,摸起来像”。如:

① It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。

4

after/behind“在……之后”

Ⅰ. after “在……(时间)之后”;

“在……(地点)之后”,指次序。如:

① He came after ten o’clock. 他十点以后来的。

② Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后,我拜访了他。

③ ‘Against’ comes after ‘again’ in this cictionary.在这本字典中 ‘against’ 排在‘again’ 之后。

Ⅱ. behind 表地点时意为:在……后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间,表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思。

① The garden is behind the house.

② He stood behind me.

③ The train was behind time. 火车误点了。

④ You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。

5

ago/before

Ⅰ. ago adv. “……以前”指从此刻起,若干时间以前,通常与过去连用。如:

① It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。

② I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。

Ⅱ. before adv, prep & conj “……以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可用作前置词或连接词表时间,而ago 则不能这样用。

① He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她。(表从她说话那时起两天前)

② I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好。

③ I’ve seen that film before.

④ I never met him before.

6

agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on)

Ⅰ. agree to “同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情(我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情)。如:

① Do you agree to this plan?

② He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提议。

③ I agreed to his terms. 我同意了他的条件。

Ⅱ. agree with “同意、赞同”常常表示同某人意见一致,也可表赞同某件事情。还有“(气候、食物等)适合”之意。如:

① I quite agree with you.我很同意你。

② Do you agree with me ?

③ I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的。

④ His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。

⑤ Too much meat doesn’t agree with her.吃太多肉对她身体不合适。

[注]:agree with 不能用于被动语态。

Ⅲ. agree on /upon “对……取得一致意见”指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议。如:

① After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论,双方就停火问题达成了协议。

② They all agree on the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。

[注]:此句型可转换成agree in doing sth.如:

① All of them agreed on / upon it. = All of them agreed in doing it. 他们对做这个问题达成了共识。

7

at times / at all times / all the time

Ⅰ. at times “;偶尔”如:

① The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高。

② I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。

Ⅱ. at all times.“随时;任何时候;总是” 如:

He has a cool head at all times. 他随时都有清醒的头脑。

Ⅲ. all the time “一直;始终” 其中time用单数形式。如:

The baby cries all the time. 那婴儿一直哭。

8

aim/ purpose/ object

Ⅰ. aim “目的”指抱有一种明确的目的,并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力。如:

① What’s your aim in life?你的人生目的是什么?

② The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism.党的最终目的是实现共产主义。

Ⅱ. purpose “目的”指心中有打算,并意味着对所作的打算有较大的决心。如:

① It was done with a definite purpose. 做这件事具有一个明确的目的。

② For what purpose (purposes) do you want to go to Canada? 你要去加拿大的目的何在?

Ⅲ. object “目的” 含有比较具体的意味。往往指在我们的行为中,需要或希望直接达到的目的。如:

① The object of my visit is to consult you. 我访问的目的是来和你商量。

② What is your object in studying English? 你学英文的目的何在?

[注]:以上这几个词的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,常被毫无区别地使用着。

9

alive/ living/ the living/ live/ dead

Ⅰ. alive adj“活着的”“在世的”,它既可修饰人也可修饰物。可作表语,定语。作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词之后。如:

① They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并跟以前一样快活。

② All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都还活着亡了,他是唯一的幸存者。

Ⅱ.living adj,“活着的”主要用着定语,常置于名词前,有时也可置于名词后。也可作表语。如:

① Every living person has a name. 每个活着的人都有一个名字。

② No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好。

Ⅲ. the living “活着的人”如:

The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要。

Ⅳ. live adj. “活着的”读着[laiv],反义词为 dead, 可作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前,一般不用来修饰人。还可以作动词,读着[liv], 意为“生活”、“生存”如:

① The cat was playing with a live mouse.这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。

② Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。

Ⅴ. lively adj. [‘laivli](livelier, liveliest) “生动的”;“活泼的”;“充满生气的”用作表语或定语,可用来修饰人或物。如:

The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类比赛,呈现出一派的景象。

10

all/ every

Ⅰ. all 和 every 意思十分相近,二者都可用来泛指人或物。但all可与算数的名词连用,而every 只能与单数的名词连用。如:

① All Mondays are horrible. 星期一总是可怕的。

② Every Monday is horrible. 每个星期一都是可怕的。

Ⅱ. all 和 every 也可用来指某一类东西中的个体。但all 后跟the 或其它“限定词”,而every后却不能。它往往强调无一例外的意思。

--She is eaten all the biscuits[‘biskit]. –What, every one? –Every single one! 她把饼干都吃光了。怎么,把每一块都吃光了吗?每一块全都吃了!

Ⅲ. all 还可和单数名词连用,表示every past of 而every却不能有此义。如:

She was here all day. 她在这呆了一整天。

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