八年级英语下册第4单元重点短与重点语法解析

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

一、重点短语

1. have free time有空闲时间

2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛

4. after-school classes课外活动课

5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架

6. until midnight直到半夜

7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈

8. too many太多

9. study too much学得过多

10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠

11. write sb. a letter给某人写信

12. call sb. up打电话给某人

13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶

14. look through翻看

15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气

16. a big deal重要的事

17. work out成功地发展;解决

18. get on with和睦相处;关系良好

19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架

20. hang over笼罩

21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

23. so that以便

24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事

25. all the time一直

26. in future今后

27. make sb. angry使某人生气

28. worry about sth. 担心某事

29. copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业

30. be oneself做自己

31. family members家庭成员

32. spend time alone独自消磨时光

33. give sb. pressure给某人施压

34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架

35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争

36. free time activities业余活动

37. get better grades取得更好的成绩

38. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点

39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧

40. practice sports体育训练

41. cause stress造成压力

42. cut out删除

二、重点句型

1. You look tired. What’s the matter? 你看上去很累，怎么了,

2. Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening?今天晚上你为什么不早点儿睡呢？

3. What should he do, 他该怎么办呢,

4. He should talk to his friends so that he can say he’s sorry.

他应该和他的朋友们谈谈，以便于他能说他很抱歉。

5. Maybe you could go to his house. 或许你能去他家。

6. I guess I could, but I don’t want to surprise him. 我向我不能，但是我不想惊动他。

7. You are afraid of speaking in front of people.你害怕在众人前面说话。

8. What do you think of after school activities?你认为课外活动怎么样？

9. The tired children don’t get home until after 7:00 p.m.

这些疲劳的孩子直到晚上七点后才回家。

三、重点语法:

(一).讨论问题的常用句式:

What’s the matter? What should I do? Maybe you should….. He should

(二).提出建议的表达方式

1. Why don’t you …? / Why not … ? 何不….呢,(后接动词原形)

e.g. Why don’t you have a picnic with us?=Why not have a picnic with us?

2. How about….?/ What about…? …呢,(后接名词、代词、动名词)

e.g. How/ How about this blue scarf?

3. You’d better (not) do… 你最好(不要)作某事

e.g. You’d better take off your coat.

You’d better not smoke here.

4. Let’s…, shall we? 让我们…, 好吗,(Let’s后面接动词原形)

e.g. Let’s make the children to the park, shall we?

5. Shall we/ I …? 我(们)…….好吗,(后接动词原形)

e.g. Shall we go boating?

6. Would you like…? 你(们) 想要……吗, (后接名词或动词不定式)

e.g. Would you like a cup of coffee?

Would you like to go shopping with us?

7. Would you please …? 请你……好吗,

e.g. Would you please turn down the radio?

(三)回答建议的表达方式

1.同意对方建议:

Good idea. / That’s a good idea. 好主意。/那是个好主意。

OK./ All right. 好的。

Yes, please./ I’d love to. 好的。/我愿意。

No problem. 没问题。

I agree with you. 我同意你的观点。

Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. 当然。

Yes, I think so/ I will. 是的，我想是这样的。/我会的。

2.对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉拒绝

I don’t think so./ Sorry, I can’t./ Sorry, but…

我不是这样认为。/对不起，我不能。/抱歉，但是…

I’d love/ like to, but…/ I’m afraid…

我很愿意, 但是…/恐怕…

四、练习

（一），用所给词的适当形式填空：

1. Why don’t you ________(go) shopping this Sunday.

2. How about ________(drink) a cup of coffee. 3. You’d better _________(turn) down the radio.

4. Would you line ________(have) dinner with us?

5. Let’s ________(take) the old man to the hospital.

6. Would you please ________(open) the window?

7. Shall we _______(watch) the movie tonight?

8. Why not ________(raise) money for the poor children?

9. Would you mind _________(close) the window?

10.What about _________(play) soccer after school?

（二）选择题:

1. –Would you like to go for a walk with me?

--______. But I have to clean the living room first.

A. Yes, I would B. No, I wouldn’t

C. Sorry D. Yes, I’d love to.

2. –What a fine day～ Let’s go fishing. --____. When shall we go?

A. Very well B. Good idea.

C. Well done. D. My pleasure.

3. Let’s _____ a noise, someone is sleeping.

A. not make B. no making

C. not to make

4.—I have a toothache. What should I do? --_______.

A. Lucky you! B. You’d better work hard?

C. Why not see a dentist?

5.It’s getting dark. You’d better _______ out by yourself. It’s dangerous.

A. not go B. not to go C. to go

四、重点知识点:

1.(1)allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事

e.g. My teacher don’t allow us t cut in line.

(2)allow doing sth.允许做某事

e.g. The cinema doesn’t allow smoking.

(3)be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事

e.g. We are allowed to make poster by ourselves.

2. (1)be good at+名词/代词/ doing [近] do well in; be strong at

e.g. Some of us are good at swimming.

= Some of us do well in swimming.

=Some of us are strong at swimming.

(2) be good for 对…..有益/好处

[反] be bad for 对…..有害

(3) be good to 对…..好/ 和善/慈爱

3. 半系动词：

(1)表示“变化” :become, get, go, grow, turn, fall等

(2)表示“感官”:smell, taste, sound, look 主语只能是物

feel 主语可以是人， 也可以是物

(3)表示“猜测”:look, seem, appear 看上去，似乎

(4)表示“保持”: keep, stay .

4. (1)find sb. doing sth.发现某人正在作某事

e.g. Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a story-book in the class.

(2) find sb. do sth. 看见过某人做过某事

e.g. I found a baby crying on the floor just now.

5. although/ though 引导让步状语从句，不能和but 连用，但是可以和yet/still一起使用。

e.g. Although he is very poor, he is ready to help others.

6.(1) get on/ along with sb.和某人相处

e.g. He gets on well with his boss.

(2) get on with sth. 表示“某事进展/进行”的意思

e.g. How are you getting on with your studied? 7. argue 争论，争吵(根据一定的理由想要说服他人)

(1) argue with sb. about sth. 为某事与某人争吵 (quarrel with sb.与某人争吵 )

e.g. They’re always arguing with each other about money.

(2) argue sb. into doing sth. 尽力劝说某人做某事

e.g. We argued him into travelling with us.

*argument n. 争论

have an argument with sb. 与某人辩论

*discuss vt.讨论 discuss the matter

=have a discussion about/ on/of the matter

8. elder和older：

(1) older adj.可用于人或物。 用于人时，指实际年龄大小中的“大”; 用于物时，意为

“较旧的”， 既可以作定语、表语，也可以与than连用

e.g. Some of the older workers were retired early.

She is older than me but my other sisters are younger.

Lucy is 2 years older than her sister.

(2) elder 只用于人，多指兄弟姐妹之间年龄长幼中的“长”，只作定语，不作表语，也

不能与than连用。作名词指“长辈”。

e.g. Children should respect their elders.

* Tom and the boy are twins. His elder brother is only tow hours older than him.

9.instead 和instead of

(1) instead 代替，反而： 可置于句末，其前不用逗号，也可置于句首，其后可用逗

号，也可不用，起衔接两个句子、分句或短语的作用。

e.g. If you can’t go, let him go instead.

(2)instead of 代替,而不是： 介词短语,后接宾语，名词、代词、动名词，,位于句中。

e.g. Please give me the red box instead of the yellow one.

10.whatever=no matter what 引用让步状语从句

e.g. Whatever happens, I won’t change my mind.

= No matter what happens, I won’t change my mind.

11.leave和forget

(1) leave vt. 遗留，离开 (经常和地点状语连用)

e.g. The boy left his hat on the train.

(2) forget vt. 忘记 (不强调地点状语)

e.g. I forgot her name.

She forgot to close the window.

12. (1)be afraid of doing sth. 害怕/担心某事(往往是自己无法左史的事情)发生

e.g. I was afraid of hurting his feelings.

(2) be afraid to do sht.害怕做某事

(3)be afraid of sb./sth.害怕某人/某事

【同】 be terrified of sb./sth/

(4) be afraid that….主语恐怕/想/认为…(常用于表示歉意戒客气,that可以省略)

13. stay healthy = keep healthy/ fit 保持健康

keep/ be in good health= have good health 身体健康

be bad/ poor health 身体不好/差/不佳

14.be a member of+团体 是….的一位成员，常用于现在完成时，

join + 团体 ，常用于一般过去时，

e.g. He joined the Party ten years ago.

= He has been a member of the Party for 10 years.

15. compete with/against sb.和某人竞争

compete with/ against sb. for sth.未得到某物不某人竞争

* competition n.竞争

16.in one’s opinion 根据某人的意见

have a good/bad opinion of sb./sth.对某人/ 某物评价好/坏

17.another, the other, the others, others

(1) another 同类事物(三个或三个以上)中的“另一个”,表示不确定数目中的“另一个”

e.g. I don’t like this book; please give me another one.

(2)one… the other一个… 另一个 ，the other…(特指两个中的“另一个”)

e.g. I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.

(3) the others 强调在一定范围内的“其他全部”

e.g. There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are from the countryside, and

others are from the city.

(4) others 泛指“别人”, 还可以指“其他的人/物”,指不确定的另一部分(并非全部)

e.g。 He is my friend, who is always ready to help others.

(5) others= other+名词复数

18. the+ 姓氏复数 指“…夫妇二人/…一家人” 在句中作主语时谓语动词用复数。

e.g. The Smiths enjoys living in China.

19. not…until…直到…才…，常不非延续性动词违用,如go, come, finish, stop, open,close,leave等。

(1) until用于肯定句,意为“直到…为止”,谓语动词一般是延续性的, 如live, work,stay, wait, leave等。

e.g. You’d better stay in bed until next Monday.

(2) 当主句表示将来的动作时,until引寻的时间状语仍句通常用一般现在时

e.g. I’ll wait for you there until you arrive.

20. (1)continue doing sth.

= go on doing sth.继续做某事，原来的事情，

e.g. He continued writing after dinner.

(2)continue to do sth. 继续做某事，停止另一件事。

e.g. After reading Chinese, let’s continue to read English.

(3)continue with sth. 继续作某事

e.g. We’ll continue with our work.

21. (1) send sb. to…送某人去…

e.g. He sent his son to a good school.

(2)send sb.+宾语补语 使某人出于某种状态

e.g. The bad news sent him sad.

(3)send for+sb. 派人去请…

e.g. We’d better send for a doctor.

(4)send away 派遣,送出,解雇,把…送往…处

e.g. He sent away his servant(仆人).

(5)send up发射(火箭,卫星,飞船等)

e.g. China sent up her first man-made satellite into space in 1970.

(6)send off 寄出,给…送行

e.g. Have you sent off Kate’s birthday present?

22.be always doing sth.总是做某事(并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示说话人的“赞叹、不满、厌烦”等情绪,带有强烈的感情色彩)。

e.g. She is always asking for leave.

She is always thinking of how she can do more for people.

*always 不not违用,表示部分否定,意思是“不总是,总不是”

e.g. The rich are not always happy.

23. (1)compare…with… 把…与…相比较。

e.g. If you compare Marx’s works with Hegel’s, you’ll find many differences.

(2)compare…to…把….比作….

e.g. A teacher’s work is often compared to a candle.

24. cause sb. to do sth.导致某人做某事

e.g. Careless caused him to fail the exam.

25.advice和suggestion

(1)advice 不可数名词 ：一般指带有指教性的“意见”或“劝告”,如教师对学生的“指教”和医生对患考的 “嘱咐”等。

e.g. On his doctor’s advice, he went on his travels.

(2) suggestion 可数名词： 指对某件事哇某个问题,尤其是为改进工作或解决困难等而提出的“意见”或“建议”,这种“意见”吐“建议”并非一定正确过有价值。与advice相比, 它的语气较为委婉。

e.g. Father’s suggestions are great valuable for me.