「TPM」谈谈TPM的8大支柱（中英文）
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a recognized system used to keep an organization’s equipment in top shape to add value to a business. If achieved, there should be little to no defects, downtime and accidents. With TPM, investing a modest amount in maintenance should have a positive effect on overall costs, productivity and a longer lifespan for equipment, making the entire facility more efficient.
全员生产维护（TPM），是一个用于让组织设备处于最佳状态且为企业增加价值的公认的系统。一旦实现这一点，就应该基本没有缺陷、停机时间和事故。有了全员生产维护（TPM），在维护上投入适量的资金应该会对总体的成本、生产效率和设备的寿命产生积极的影响，进而提高整个组织的效率。
A major objective of TPM is Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), which addresses three factors: performance, availability, and quantity.
TPM的一个主要目标是：设备综合效率（OEE）。OEE的三个因素是：表现性、有效性，及质量指数。
The eight pillars are as follows:
全员生产维护（TPM）的八大支柱如下：
1
Autonomous Maintenance
自主维护
This pillar places the obligation of basic maintenance in the hands of the equipment operator, leaving the maintenance staff free to complete more expert tasks that need their attention. This means the operator has a clear responsibility to ensure basic maintenance is done regularly, and often involves tasks like cleaning and lubrication. Downtime is also greatly reduced, as there is no need to wait for maintenance staff.
该支柱，将基本维护的职责交给了设备操作人员，让维护人员可以自由完成更多需要他们注意的专业的任务。这意味着：操作人员有确保定期对设备进行基本维护的明确责任，通常会涉及设备的清洁、润滑等工作。停机时间也会大幅度减少，因为，操作人员无需等待维护人员前往维修设备。
2
Planned Maintenance
计划维护
This is concerned with appropriate scheduling of maintenance tasks based on when a piece of equipment is predicted to fail. This helps companies plan around upkeep and reduce the need for production to be halted. This helps to reduce reactive maintenance as problems are stopped before they can cause larger malfunctions.
该支柱，涉及到依照设备的预计故障时间来适当地安排维护任务。计划维护，有助于公司制定设备的维护计划，减少停产的需求。这有助于减少被动维护，因为问题在可能导致更大的故障之前就已经停止了。
3
Quality Maintenance
质量维护
This is concerned with detecting and preventing errors early, and making sure defects do not continue down the chain of production. This also encourages operators to find the root causes of problems.
该支柱，涉及早期探测与预防错误，并确保缺陷不会在生产链条中继续下去。这也鼓励操作人员找到问题发生的根源。
4
Focused Improvement
重点改进
Focused improvement means when a problem does occur, a cross-functional team is created. The variety of skill sets and a vast range of experience helps the team solve problems faster.
重点改进，意味着：一旦问题发生，就要组建一个跨职能的团队。具有各种技能和丰富的经验，将有助于团队更快地去解决问题。
5
Early Equipment Maintenance
早期设备维护
The fifth pillar involves gathering previous maintenance knowledge gained from past machinery, and then applying it to new equipment. This results in reaching optimal levels in a shorter period of time.
第五大支柱是收集从过去机器中所获得的维护方面的知识，然后，将其应用到新的设备中。这将让设备维护在较短的时间内达到最佳的水准。
6
Education and Training
教育和培训
All employees – including operators, maintenance personnel, and managers – should be trained in TPM. This education can include learning techniques for proper maintenance and becoming more aware of how practicing TPM directly affects the company’s productivity.
所有员工（包括操作人员、维护人员和经理）都应该接受全员生产维护（TPM）培训。这种该方面的教育可以包括：学习适当维护的方法，并更加了解实施全员生产维护（TPM）是如何直接影响公司的生产效率的。
7
Health and Safety and Environment
健康、安全与环境
This ensures all employees are given a safe environment and conditions to work in. Productivity is paramount, but should not come before safety. If employees feel safe in their workplace, this has a dramatic effect on attitude towards their role.
该支柱，可以确保所有员工都有一个安全的工作环境与工作条件。生产效率是至关重要的，但生产效率不应排在安全的全面。如果员工在工作场所感到安全，这会对他们的角色态度产生显著的影响。
8
Total Productive Maintenance in Office Functions
办公室功能的全面生产性维护
Finally, TPM should then be applied where possible into the administrative sections of the company. This means the culture of TPM as a whole is understood by all.
最后，在可能的情况下，应该将全员生产维护（TPM）应用到公司的管理部门中。这意味着：要让所有人都能理解全员生产维护（TPM）的文化。
TPM is an incredibly successful model, and can be introduced in parts or as a whole to an organization. Each of its pillars is positive to the workplace and productivity in its own right, but in order for maximum efficiency it should be implemented fully.
全员生产维护（TPM），是一个非常成功的模型，可以部分或者整体介绍给组织。全员生产维护（TPM）的八大支柱的每一个支柱对工作场所和生产效率来讲都是积极的，为了最大限度地提高效率，其应该得到充分的实施。