美国文化双语作文
美国文化双语作文
美国旅游 美式烹饪
At a local supermarket， two women push half-filled grocery carts. The ladies are good friends， but they couldn't be more different. One is a stay-at-home housewife who loves to create culinary masterpieces from scratch. The other is a training supervisor at a prestigious advertising agency. Household chores， particularly those in the kitchen， are not her idea of fun. The two ladies stop for a moment in the frozen foods section. "I'm so tired，" sighs the professional woman. "I don't know what to do about supper." Her friend suggests， "What about a microwave dinner？" The weary professional sighs， "No， I don't feel like cooking tonight."
在一间本地的超市里，两位女士推着半满的购物车。这两位女士是好朋友，但两人之间的差异是大得不能再大了。一位是持家的主妇，她喜欢大展厨艺，从全生的作料，一步一步创造佳肴杰作。另一位是在一家颇具声望的广告公司任职人事训练主管。家务琐事，特别是厨房事，并非她乐趣所在。二位女士在冷冻食物区前停了一会儿。职业妇女叹道：「我好累，我不知晚餐要作什么好。」她的朋友建议说：「何不来一顿微波炉晚餐。」这位疲惫的职业妇女又叹道：「不，我今晚不想作饭。」
If you think American cooking means opening a package and tossing the contents into the microwave， think again. On the one hand， it's true that Americans thrive on cold cereal for breakfast， sandwiches for lunch and instant dinners. From busy homemakers to professional people， many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand， many Americans recognize the value of cooking skills. Parents-especially mothers-see the importance of training their children-especially daughters-in the culinary arts. Most Americans will admit that there's nothing better than a good home-cooked meal. But with cooking， as with any other skill， good results don't happen by accident.
假如您以为美式烹饪就是打开一个料理盒而将里头的东西拋进微波炉加热，那你得改变想法了。从某一方面来说，美国人以早餐的冷麦片，午餐的三明治及快餐晚餐而发育健壮，这倒是真的。从忙碌的家庭主妇到上班族，许多美国人喜欢享受事先包装好的便餐所带来的方便，这些速餐在不到10分钟内就可上桌。从另一个角度来看，许多美国人都认同厨艺的价值。父母亲——特别是妈妈看到训练孩子，尤其是女儿，烹饪艺术的重要性。大多数的美国人都承认没有什么比得上一顿自家做的餐点。而谈到烹饪，一如其它的技巧，好的成果并非偶然天成的。
Probably every cook has his or her own cooking style. But there are some basic techniques and principles that most people follow. For example， baking is a primary method of preparing food in America. The dinner menu often has casseroles， roast meats and other baked goods. For that reason， Americans would find it next to impossible to live without an oven. American cooks give special attention to the balance of foods， too. In planning a big meal they try to include a meat， a few vegetables， some bread or pasta and often a dessert. They also like to make sure the meal is colorful. Having several different colors of food on the plate usually makes for a healthy meal.
大概每一位厨师都有他自己的烹饪方式。但仍有一些基本方法和原则是大多数的人遵行的。例如，烘培在美国是烹饪的一种主要方法，晚餐菜单上通常有「焗烤菜」，烤肉及其它的烘培食物。因此，美国人会觉得没有烤箱几乎是无法过活。美国厨师们也特别留意食物的均衡。在计划一顿大餐时，他们会试着加入肉，几样蔬菜，一些面包或面食，而且通常有甜点。他们也喜欢使餐点色彩亮丽。若盘中有不同色彩的食物，通常令人觉得是健康的一餐。
For those who need guidance in their cooking， or for those who have just run out of ideas， recipes are lifesavers. Recipes list all the ingredients for a dish （generally in the order used）， the amount of each to use， and a description of how to put them together. Finding recipes in America is as easy as pie. Most good cooks have a shelf full of cookbooks ranging from locally published recipe collections to national bestsellers like the Betty Crocker Cookbook. Magazines devoted to home management， such as Good Housekeeping and Family Circle， are chock-full of scrumptious selections. Friends often augment their recipe collection by passing around their favorites written on cards.
对于那些在烹饪方面需要指导、或已江郎才尽的人，食谱就是救星。食谱列出做每一道菜所需要的所有材料（通常是依照使用的顺序列出），每一种的用量以及如何将它们搭配的说明。在美国寻找食谱可谓易如反掌。大多数的好厨师们都有一架子的食谱，从本地出版的各式食谱到像「蓓蒂？克劳克」的全国畅销食谱。一般理家杂志，如「好管家」及「家庭圈」都满满地刊载很多美味的精选食谱。朋友们经常把自己最爱的食谱写在卡片上，相互传阅，来增加自己的食谱收藏。
For experienced cooks， true artists that they are， recipes are merely reference points. They often make adjustments as they go along， depending on the quantity of people they need to serve， the ingredients they have available and their personal taste. Some cooks use recipes very little， preferring instead to depend on their intuition as they add a pinch of this and a dash of that to create just the right flavors.
对于经验丰富的厨师，他们是真正的艺术家，食谱仅仅是作为参考，他们常常一边做菜，一边依照他们宴请的人数，现有的作料以及个人的口味，来调整食谱。有些厨师们很少参照食谱，反而比较喜欢凭自己的直觉加一点这个，加一点那个，来作出刚好的味道。
Of course， Americans don't have a corner on the market when it comes to good cooking. Wherever you go in the world， people love to eat. As a result， every culture and nationality has its own share of mouth-watering delicacies. And America， as a "land of immigrants，" has imported practically all varieties of cooking. Most good cooks in America are "fluent" in several cooking "dialects"： Mexican， Italian， Chinese and good old American style， just to name a few. But whatever the dialect， cooking is a language everyone understands.
当然，谈到好厨艺，美国人并非独占鳌头，无论您到世界何处，人们总是爱吃。所以，每一个文化及国家都有它特有的、令人垂涎三尺的佳肴。而美国，这个「移民之地」实际上也引进了各式的烹调。在美国大多数的名厨对于几种烹饪「方言」都很「流利」。随便举几个例子：墨西哥、意大利、中国以及传统美国风味。且不论那一种「方言」，烹饪是一种人人皆懂的语言。
美国旅游：美国人的孩子教育问题
But in raising children-as in all of life-what we do is influenced by our culture. Naturally then， American parents teach their children basic American values.
养育孩子是件伤脑筋的差事，孩子们并不是生下来就附有说明书的，而每个孩子又都不尽相同，所以有时候父母们真是挫折地扯光了头发，还不知该怎幺办。然而以教养孩子而言，就像生活中所有的事一样，我们的行为都受文化的影响，因此，美国父母很自然地会教导他们的孩子基本的美国价值观。
To Americans， the goal of parents is to help children stand on their own two feet. From infancy， each child may get his or her own room. As children grow， they gain more freedom to make their own choices. Teenagers choose their own forms of entertainment， as well as the friends to share them with. When they reach young adulthood， they choose their own careers and marriage partners. Of course， many young adults still seek their parents' advice and approval for the choices they make. But once they "leave the nest" at around 18 to 21 years old， they want to be on their own， not "tied to their mother's apron strings."
对美国人而言，教养的目标在于帮助孩子们自立更生。从婴幼儿期开始，每一个孩子都可能拥有自己的房间；随着孩子的成长，他们有更多机会自己作决定；青少年们选择自己喜欢的娱乐方式，以及跟什幺样的朋友一起玩；当他们进入了青年期之后，他们选择自己的事业和结婚伴侣。当然，很多的年轻人在作选择时，还是会寻求父母的忠告和赞同，但是当他们一旦在十八到二十一岁左右「离了巢」之后，就希望能够独立，不再是个离不开妈妈的孩子了。
The relationship between parents and children in America is very informal. American parents try to treat their children as individuals-not as extensions of themselves. They allow them to fulfill their own dreams. Americans praise and encourage their children to give them the confidence to succeed. When children become adults， their relationship with their parents becomes more like a friendship among equals. But contrary to popular belief， most adult Americans don't make their parents pay for room and board when they come to visit. Even as adults， they respect and honor their parents.
在美国，亲子之间的关系不是那么地严肃，美国父母们试着将孩子视为个体，而不是他们自我的延伸，他们允许孩子去实现自己的梦想。美国人会赞美并鼓励孩子以给予他们成功的信心。当孩子长大成人之后，亲子之间的关系会更像地位平等的朋友，可是与大家一向所以为的恰好相反，当父母来访时，大部份的美国成年人并不会要求父母付食宿费，因为就算已经成年，他们还是很敬重父母的。
Most young couples with children struggle with the issue of childcare. Mothers have traditionally stayed home with their children. In recent years， though， a growing trend is to put preschoolers in a day care center so Mom can work. Many Americans have strong feelings about which type of arrangement is best. Some argue that attending a day care center can be a positive experience for children. Others insist that mothers are the best caregivers for children. A number of women are now leaving the work force to become full-time homemakers.
大部份有孩子的年轻夫妻们都为了养育孩子的问题而大伤脑筋。传统上，母亲们会和孩子待在家里，但是近几年来，把孩子放在幼儿园好让妈妈去工作的趋势渐长。对于哪一种安排才是最好的，许多美国人都有自己强烈的`主张，有些人认为进幼儿园对孩子而言是很正向的经历，另一群人则坚持母亲是照顾孩子的最佳人选，许多的妇女现在也离开工作市场成为全职的家庭主妇。母来访时，大部份的美国成年人并不会要求父母付食宿费，因为就算已经成年，他们还是很敬重父母的。
Disciplining children is another area that American parents have differing opinions about. Many parents feel that an old-fashioned spanking helps youngsters learn what "No！" means. Others prefer alternate forms of discipline. For example， "time outs" have become popular in recent years. Children in "time out" have to sit in a corner or by a wall. They can get up only when they are ready to act nicely. Older children and teenagers who break the rules may be grounded， or not allowed to go out with friends. Some of their privileges at home-like TV or telephone use-may also be taken away for a while. Although discipline isn't fun for parents or children， it's a necessary part of training.
训诫孩子是另一项引起美国父母们争议的议题。许多父母觉得老式的责打能够帮助年幼的孩子明白：父母说「不」就绝对禁止去做，然而某些人则较赞同其它形式的训诫方式。例如：「隔离法」即是近年来颇被接受的方式，被隔离的孩子必须坐在墙角或是墙边，除非他们肯乖一点才可以起来；年纪稍大的孩子或是青少年若是违反规定，则可能受到被迫停止某项权益或是不准和朋友出去的处罚，而他们在家中的某些特权，像是看电视或是打电话，也会被取消一段时间。虽然处罚对于亲子双方都不是什么有趣的事，但是它仍是训诫孩子时必要的一部份。
Being a parent is a tall order. It takes patience， love， wisdom， courage and a good sense of humor to raise children （and not lose your sanity）。 Some people are just deciding not to have children at all， since they're not sure it's worth it. But raising children means training the next generation and preserving our culture. What could be worth more than that？
担任亲职是必须付出极大代价的，教养孩子需要付出耐心、爱心、智能、勇气以及高度的幽默感（同时不失去你明智的判断力）。有些人根本就决定不生孩子，因为他们不确定这样的付出值不值得，但是养育孩子意味着训练下一代并且保留我们的文化，又有什么会比这更有价值呢？
美国文化习俗精粹:Travel 美国旅游风尚
It's summertime, and the livin'is easy. For many Americans, this is the season to travel. Why? Because school is out. Because the weather is great. And most of all, because we all deserve a break. When Americans take a break, they often head for their favorite vacation spot.
夏天到了，生活很惬意。对很多美国人来说，这是个旅游的季节，为什么？因为学校放假，因为天气很好，但最重要的是，休个假是我们所应得的。美国人休假时经常会去他们最喜欢的渡假地点。
Throughout their history, Americans have been people on the move. The early immigrants had to travel to get to the New World. Once they arrived, they settled along the East Coast. But they weren't content to stay there. Explorers and traders journeyed to the unknown western territories. Later, settlers moved west to develop these new areas. As a result of this westward migration, Americans eventually occupied the whole continent-from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Even today, Americans seem unable to stay put. Research says that the average American moves every five years.
纵观整个历史，美国人一直是个迁移的民族。早期的移民者必须长途跋涉才能抵达新大陆，他们一到达就沿着东岸定居，但却不满于长居那地，冒险家和商人旅行至未知的西部地区。稍后，移民者也向西迁移去开发这些新地区。由于向西迁移，美国人最后占据了整块新大陆——从大西洋到太平洋。即使到今天，美国人似乎仍然无法在一地久居。根据研究，美国人平均每五年要搬一次家。
Besides their habit of changing addresses, Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commutes to work daily. Their jobs may even require them to take frequent business trips. Most companies provide an annual vacation for their employees, and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in distant states. Others go on low-budget weekend excursions and stay in economy motels. Those with more expensive tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Camping out in the great outdoors appeals to adventurous types. Some travel in recreational vehicles (RVs) to camp out in comfort, while others "rough it"by sleeping in tents.
除了搬家的习惯以外，美国人也很习惯旅行。有些人每天上下班得做长距离的通勤，工作上甚至经常需要因公旅行。大部分的公司每年会提供年假给员工，人们通常会利用这段时间去旅行。有些人去远一点的别州拜访朋友或亲戚，有些则在周末有个经济的小假期，并住在花费不高的旅馆里。品味较昂贵的人选择豪华的渡假地点和饭店；绝佳的户外露营则吸引冒险型的人。有些人开着旅行车出游，以舒适的方式露营；有些人则睡帐篷尝试野外生活。
Most Americans prefer to travel within their nation's borders. Why? For one thing, it's cheaper than traveling abroad, and there's no language problem. But besides that, the vast American territory offers numerous tourist attractions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches, mountains, canyons, lakes and a wealth of natural wonders. Major cities offer visitors a multitude of urban delights. The convenience of modern freeways, railways and airplanes makes travel in America as easy as pie.
大部分美国人比较喜欢在国内旅游，为什么呢？其中一个原因是，国内旅游比国外旅游便宜，也没有语言不通的问题。但除此原因以外，占地极广的美国国土提供了许多能吸引游客的地点。爱好大自然的人可以到海滩、山上、峡谷、湖泊和很多大自然奇景地区游览。大城市也提供给游客们很多都市型态的娱乐。现代高速公路、铁路和飞机使得在美国旅行很容易。
Many American vacations are as unique as the people who take them. Families often plan their trips with the kids in mind. More and more "family friendly"vacation resorts offer special programs for children. History buffs seek out famous historical sites and museums. Environmentalists prefer "green vacations."These trips allow them to observe flora and fauna up-close without disturbing the sensitive balance of nature. Some people find sea cruises relaxing and refreshing. Others hit the water to go fishing, skiing or white-water rafting. Daring souls get the thrill of a lifetime on trekking expeditions and safaris in remote places from Africa to Asia.
很多美国假期非常特别，和参与此种假期的人一样特别。全家出游时通常会将孩子考虑在内，有愈来愈多「适合全家出游」的渡假地点为孩子提供特别的活动。对历史有兴趣的人会找一些著名的历史据点和博物馆。有环保意识的人喜欢「环保假期」，这样的旅行使他们能近距离观察动植物，并且不会扰乱了大自然敏感的生态平衡。有些人觉得海上旅游能使心情放松并感到清爽，有些人则到水边钓鱼、滑水或泛舟。胆子大的人到亚洲和非洲去探险狩猎作长途旅行，享受一辈子难得一次的刺激。
Americans aren't the only people in the world who travel. International business, mass communication and jet airplanes have created a world of globetrotters. People all over the world enjoy going abroad to travel. And no matter where they live, people enjoy visiting scenic spots in their own country. But being on the go makes Americans what they are: people on the move. In America, almost every-body is a tourist sometime.
美国人不是世上唯一爱旅行的人。国际企业、大众传播与喷射机创造了一个环游世界者的世纪。全世界的人都喜欢到海外旅游，不管住在那里，人们都喜欢去造访自己国家内风景优美的地区。不过好动的本性使美国人变成今天的模样：成为爱迁移的人。在美国，几乎每个人都有旅游的经验。
【美国文化双语作文】