APICS CPIM 生产运营管理学习资料中英文对照（5.20学习）

Topic 1: The Manufacturing Supply Chain

The Supply Chain Management Environment

Manufacturers form the core of a supply chain that stretches from the most upstream raw materials, through various tiers of suppliers, and then through a downstream distribution function (which may include retailers), until it reaches the final customer (who could be an individual or an organization) A manufacturer may have multiple supply chains to reflect differences in source materials or production or distribution methods.

主题1：制造业供应链

供应链管理环境

制造商构成供应链的核心，供应链从最上游的原材料延伸到各个层次的供应商，然后通过下游的分销职能（可能包括零售商），直到最终客户（可能是个人或组织）为止，制造商可能拥有多个供应链反映原材料或生产或分配方法的差异。

The APICS Dictionary, 15th edition, defines a supply chain as

the global network used to deliver products and services from raw materials to end customers through an engineered flow of information, physical distribution, and Cash.

While the supply chain concept is oriented toward producers of products, even pure service organizations will have suppliers and customers and thus will form a supply chain as well. The Dictionary defines the service industry as follows:

APICS字典第15版将供应链定义为

全球网络用于通过设计的信息流、物流和现金流将产品和服务从原材料交付给最终客户。

虽然供应链的概念是面向产品的生产者，但即使是纯粹的服务组织，也会有供应商和客户，从而形成供应链。字典对服务业的定义如下：

1)In its narrowest sense, an organization that provides an intangible product (e.g medical or legal advice). 2) In its broadest sense, all organizations except farming, mining, and manufacturing Includes retail trade; wholesale trade; transportation and utilities; finance, insurance, and real estate; construction; professional, personal, and social services; and local, state, and federal governments.

1)在最狭义上，提供无形产品（如医疗或法律咨询）的组织。2） 广义上讲，除农业、矿业和制造业外的所有组织都包括零售贸易、批发贸易、运输和公用事业、金融、保险和房地产、建筑、专业、个人和社会服务以及地方、州和联邦政府。

Professionals who work in the fields of production and inventory management might be called supply chain managers, operations managers, or materials managers, or they might have more focused job titles. Organizations might have supply chain managers who have a broader focus or other job roles that focus on production and inventory control. Regardless of how the organization does it, both the overall supply chain and production and Inventory control need management.

在生产和库存管理领域工作的专业人员可能被称为供应链经理、运营经理或材料经理，或者他们可能有更专注的工作头衔。组织可能有更广泛关注生产和库存控制的供应链经理或其他工作角色。不管组织是怎么做的，整个供应链以及生产和库存控制都需要管理。

The Dictionary defines supply chain management as follows:

The design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand, and measuring performance globally.

Exhibit 1-1 shows how a supply chain is composed of various entities that each have upstream partners (toward the raw materials end of the chain)and downstream partners (toward the final customer).

字典对供应链管理的定义如下：

供应链活动的设计、规划、执行、控制和监控，目的是创造净价值，建立有竞争力的基础设施，利用全球物流，实现供需同步，并在全球范围内衡量绩效。

图表1-1显示了一个供应链是如何由各个实体组成的，每个实体都有上游合作伙伴（朝着供应链的原材料端）和下游合作伙伴（朝着最终客户）。