白居易诗《缚戎人》英译赏析
缚戎人
达穷民之情也
缚戎人，缚戎人，耳穿面破驱入秦。
天子矜怜不忍杀，诏徙东南吴与越。
黄衣小使录姓名，领出长安乘递行。
身被金疮面多瘠，扶病徒行日一驿。
朝餐饥渴费杯盘，夜卧腥臊污床席。
忽逢江水忆交河，垂手齐声呜咽歌。
其中一虏语诸虏，尔苦非多我苦多。
同伴行人因借问，欲说喉中气愤愤。
自云乡管本凉原，大历年中没入番。
一落番中四十载，身着皮裘系毛带。
唯许正朔服汉仪，敛衣整巾潜泪垂。
誓心密定归乡计，不使番中妻子知。
暗思幸有残筋力，更恐年衰归不得。
番候严兵鸟不飞，脱身冒死奔逃归。
昼伏宵行经大漠，云阴月黑风沙恶。
惊藏青冢塞草疏，偷渡黄河夜冰薄。
忽闻汉军鼙鼓声，路旁走出再拜迎。
游骑不听能汉语，将军遂缚作番生。
配向江南卑湿地，定无存恤空防备。
念此吞声仰诉天，若为辛苦度残年。
凉原乡井不得见，胡地妻儿虚弃捐。
没番被囚思汉土，归汉被劫为番虏。
早知如此悔归来，两地宁如一处苦。
缚戎人，戎人之中我苦辛。
自古此冤应未有，汉心汉语吐蕃身。
思汉土
思汉土
思汉土
Arthur Waley阿瑟韦利的英文翻译
THE PRISONER
缚戎人
Tartars led in chains,
Tartars led in chains!
Their ears pierced, their faces bruised—they are driven into the land of Ch’in.
缚戎人，缚戎人，耳穿面破驱入秦。
The Son of Heaven took pity on them and would not have them slain.
He sent them away to the south-east, to the lands of Wu and Yüeh.
天子矜怜不忍杀，诏徙东南吴与越。
A petty officer in a yellow coat took down their names and surnames:
They were led from the city of Ch’ang-an under escort of an armed guard.
黄衣小使录姓名，领出长安乘递行。
Their bodies were covered with the wounds of arrows, their bones stood out from their cheeks.
They had grown so weak they could only march a single stage a day.
身被金疮面多瘠，扶病徒行日一驿。
In the morning they must satisfy hunger and thirst with neither plate nor cup:
At night they must lie in their dirt and rags on beds that stank with filth.
朝餐饥渴费杯盘，夜卧腥臊污床席。
Suddenly they came to the Yangtze River and remembered the waters of Chiao.
With lowered hands and levelled voices they sobbed a muffled song.
忽逢江水忆交河，垂手齐声呜咽歌。
Then one Tartar lifted up his voice and spoke to the other Tartars,
“Your sorrows are none at all compared with my sorrows.”
其中一虏语诸虏，尔苦非多我苦多。
Those that were with him in the same band asked to hear his tale:
As he tried to speak the words were choked by anger.
同伴行人因借问，欲说喉中气愤愤。
He told them “I was born and bred in the town of Liang-yüan.
In the frontier wars of Ta-li I fell into the Tartars’ hands.
自云乡管本凉原，大历年中没入番。
Since the days the Tartars took me alive forty years have passed:
They put me into a coat of skins tied with a belt of rope.
一落番中四十载，身着皮裘系毛带。
Only on the first of the first month might I wear my Chinese dress.
As I put on my coat and arranged my cap, how fast the tears flowed!
唯许正朔服汉仪，敛衣整巾潜泪垂。
I made in my heart a secret vow I would find a way home:
I hid my plan from my Tartar wife and the children she had borne me in the land.
誓心密定归乡计，不使番中妻子知。
I thought to myself, ‘It is well for me that my limbs are still strong,’
And yet, being old, in my heart I feared I should never live to return.
暗思幸有残筋力，更恐年衰归不得。
The Tartar chieftains shoot so well that the birds are afraid to fly:
From the risk of their arrows I escaped alive and fled swiftly home.
番候严兵鸟不飞，脱身冒死奔逃归。
Hiding all day and walking all night, I crossed the Great Desert:
Where clouds are dark and the moon black and the sands eddy in the wind.
昼伏宵行经大漠，云阴月黑风沙恶。
Frightened, I sheltered at the Green Grave, where the frozen grasses are few:
Stealthily I crossed the Yellow River, at night, on the thin ice,
惊藏青冢塞草疏，偷渡黄河夜冰薄。译者注，青冢，昭君墓，The grave of Chao-chün, a Chinese girl who in 33 b.c. was “bestowed upon the Khan of the Hsiung-nu as a mark of Imperial regard” (Giles). Hers was the only grave in this desolate district on which grass would grow.
Suddenly I heard Han drums and the sound of soldiers coming:
I went to meet them at the road-side, bowing to them as they came.
忽闻汉军鼙鼓声，路旁走出再拜迎。
But the moving horsemen did not hear that I spoke the Han tongue:
Their Captain took me for a Tartar born and had me bound in chains.
游骑不听能汉语，将军遂缚作番生。译者应该是把“听”理解错了，不是hear, 而应该是understand. 游骑是不懂汉语的外族士兵。
They are sending me away to the south-east, to a low and swampy land:
No one now will take pity on me: resistance is all in vain.
配向江南卑湿地，定无存恤空防备。
Thinking of this, my voice chokes and I ask of Heaven above,
Was I spared from death only to spend the rest of my years in sorrow?
念此吞声仰诉天，若为辛苦度残年。
My native village of Liang-yüan I shall not see again:
My wife and children in the Tartars’ land I have fruitlessly deserted.
凉原乡井不得见，胡地妻儿虚弃捐。
When I fell among Tartars and was taken prisoner, I pined for the land of Han:
Now that I am back in the land of Han, they have turned me into a Tartar.
没番被囚思汉土，归汉被劫为番虏。
Had I but known what my fate would be, I would not have started home!
For the two lands, so wide apart, are alike in the sorrow they bring.
早知如此悔归来，两地宁如一处苦。
Tartar prisoners in chains!
Of all the sorrows of all the prisoners mine is the hardest to bear!
缚戎人，戎人之中我苦辛。
Never in the world has so great a wrong befallen the lot of man,—
A Han heart and a Han tongue set in the body of a Turk.”
自古此冤应未有，汉心汉语吐蕃身。